Each intercostal space contains 3 muscles:-external intercostal,internal intercostal & innermost intercostal.
fibers of external intercostal runs forward & downwards while that of internal intercostal runs backwards & downwards.
innermost intercostals:-this group comprises the subcostal muscles
posteriorly, the intercostales intimi laterally and the transversus thoracis
anteriorly. The fibres of these muscles span more than one intercostal
space.
The neurovascular space lies between internal intercostal & innermost intercostal muscle layers.
pleural aspiration should be performed close to the upper border of rib to minimise injury to this neurovascular bundle.
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